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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Appendix A. GNU Licenses</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="susebooks.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Documentation"><link rel="up" href="book.kdeuser.html" title="KDE User Guide"><link rel="prev" href="cha.kde.kpowersave.html" title="Chapter 9. Controlling Your Desktop’s Power Management"><link rel="next" href="book.gnomeuser.html" title="GNOME User Guide"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header" border="0" class="bctable"><tr><td width="80%"><div class="breadcrumbs"><p><a href="index.html"> Documentation</a><span class="breadcrumbs-sep"> > </span><a href="book.kdeuser.html">KDE User Guide</a><span class="breadcrumbs-sep"> > </span><strong><a accesskey="p" title="Chapter 9. Controlling Your Desktop’s Power Management" href="cha.kde.kpowersave.html"><span>◀</span></a> </strong></p></div></td></tr></table></div><div class="appendix" title="Appendix A. GNU Licenses"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id312000"></a>Appendix A. GNU Licenses<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id312000">¶</a></span></h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk03apa.html#id312019">A.1. GNU General Public License</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="bk03apa.html#id308269">A.2. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
This appendix contains the GNU General Public License version 2 and the
GNU Free Documentation License version 1.2.
</p><div class="sect1" title="A.1. GNU General Public License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id312019"></a>A.1. GNU General Public License<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id312019">¶</a></span></h2></div></div></div><p>
Version 2, June 1991
</p><p>
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place -
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
</p><p>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</p><div class="sect2" title="A.1.1. Preamble"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id312043"></a>A.1.1. Preamble<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id312043">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public
License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s software
and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other
Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General
Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
</p><p>
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.
Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the
freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this
service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
programs; and that you know you can do these things.
</p><p>
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone
to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These
restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
</p><p>
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis
or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.
You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.
And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
</p><p>
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
</p><p>
Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make
certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors’ reputations.
</p><p>
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.
We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will
individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must
be licensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all.
</p><p>
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.1.2. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id311938"></a>A.1.2. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id311938">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p title="0."><b>0. </b>
This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under
the terms of this General Public License. The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Program</span>”</span>,
below, refers to any such program or work, and a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">work based on
the Program</span>”</span> means either the Program or any derivative work
under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included
without limitation in the term <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">modification</span>”</span>.) Each
licensee is addressed as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">you</span>”</span>.
</p><p>
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running
the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent
of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends
on what the Program does.
</p><p title="1."><b>1. </b>
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices
that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give
any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with
the Program.
</p><p>
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you
may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
</p><p title="2."><b>2. </b>
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it,
thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such
modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
you also meet all of these conditions:
</p><p title="a)"><b>a). </b>
You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating
that you changed the files and the date of any change.
</p><p title="b)"><b>b). </b>
You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or
in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to
be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms
of this License.
</p><p title="c)"><b>c). </b>
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run,
you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the
most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an
appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or
else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may
redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user
how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is
interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work
based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
</p><p>
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be
reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then
this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you
distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same
sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose
permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to
each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
</p><p>
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
</p><p>
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the
scope of this License.
</p><p title="3."><b>3. </b>
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under
Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
</p><p title="a)"><b>a). </b>
Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
</p><p title="b)"><b>b). </b>
Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to
give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically
performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
</p><p title="c)"><b>c). </b>
Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only
for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in
object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with
Subsection b above.)
</p><p>
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code
means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special
exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is
normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which
the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
executable.
</p><p>
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access
to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy
the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source
code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source
along with the object code.
</p><p title="4."><b>4. </b>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except
as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will
not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
full compliance.
</p><p title="5."><b>5. </b>
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute
the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law
if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or
distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you
indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and
conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works
based on it.
</p><p title="6."><b>6. </b>
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions
on the recipients’ exercise of the rights granted herein. You are
not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this
License.
</p><p title="7."><b>7. </b>
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute
so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and
any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not
distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would
not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from
distribution of the Program.
</p><p>
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply
and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
</p><p>
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such
claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of
the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public
license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the
wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on
consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor
to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any
other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
</p><p>
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be
a consequence of the rest of this License.
</p><p title="8."><b>8. </b>
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may
add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those
countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries
not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
limitation as if written in the body of this License.
</p><p title="9."><b>9. </b>
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
</p><p>
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">any later version</span>”</span>, you have the option of following the
terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free Software Foundation.
</p><p title="10."><b>10. </b>
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs
whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask
for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make
exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of
preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
</p><div class="sect3" title="A.1.2.1. NO WARRANTY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id313217"></a>A.1.2.1. NO WARRANTY<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id313217">¶</a></span></h4></div></div></div><p title="11."><b>11. </b>
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE
COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
</p><p title="12."><b>12. </b>
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF
THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR
OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
</p></div><div class="sect3" title="A.1.2.2. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id313257"></a>A.1.2.2. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id313257">¶</a></span></h4></div></div></div><p></p></div></div><div class="sect2" title="A.1.3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id313269"></a>A.1.3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id313269">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
</p><p>
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">copyright</span>”</span> line and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
</p><pre class="screen">
one line to give the program’s name and an idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) yyyy name of author
</pre><pre class="screen">
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
</pre><pre class="screen">
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
</pre><pre class="screen">
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
</pre><p>
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
</p><p>
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
</p><pre class="screen">
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w’. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c’
for details.
</pre><p>
The hypothetical commands `show w’ and `show c’ should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than `show w’ and
`show c’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
suits your program.
</p><p>
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">copyright disclaimer</span>”</span> for the
program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
</p><pre class="screen">
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision’
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
</pre><pre class="screen">
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
</pre><p>
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications
with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.fsf.org/licenses/lgpl.html" target="_top">GNU Lesser General
Public License</a> instead of this License.
</p></div></div><div class="sect1" title="A.2. GNU Free Documentation License"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id308269"></a>A.2. GNU Free Documentation License<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id308269">¶</a></span></h2></div></div></div><p>
Version 1.2, November 2002
</p><p>
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple
Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
</p><p>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</p><div class="sect2" title="A.2.1. PREAMBLE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id436911"></a>A.2.1. PREAMBLE<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id436911">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document “free” in the sense of
freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
</p><p>
This License is a kind of <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">copyleft</span>”</span>, which means that
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
</p><p>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id436943"></a>A.2.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id436943">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
under the conditions stated herein. The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Document</span>”</span>, below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">you</span>”</span>. You accept the license
if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.
</p><p>
A <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Modified Version</span>”</span> of the Document means any work
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or
with modifications and/or translated into another language.
</p><p>
A <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Secondary Section</span>”</span> is a named appendix or a front-matter
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
</p><p>
The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Invariant Sections</span>”</span> are certain Secondary Sections
whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.
</p><p>
The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Cover Texts</span>”</span> are certain short passages of text that
are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that
says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text
may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
</p><p>
A <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Transparent</span>”</span> copy of the Document means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the
document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
substantial amount of text. A copy that is not <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Transparent</span>”</span>
is called <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Opaque</span>”</span>.
</p><p>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
purposes only.
</p><p>
The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Title Page</span>”</span> means, for a printed book, the title page
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Title
Page</span>”</span> means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</p><p>
A section <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Entitled XYZ</span>”</span> means a named subunit of the
Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here
XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Acknowledgements</span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Dedications</span>”</span>,
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Endorsements</span>”</span>, or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span>.) To
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Preserve the Title</span>”</span> of such a section when you modify the
Document means that it remains a section <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Entitled XYZ</span>”</span>
according to this definition.
</p><p>
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
meaning of this License.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.3. VERBATIM COPYING"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id327706"></a>A.2.3. VERBATIM COPYING<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id327706">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies
you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</p><p>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
may publicly display copies.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id327727"></a>A.2.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id327727">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
respects.
</p><p>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
</p><p>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy
(directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the
public.
</p><p>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.5. MODIFICATIONS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id347210"></a>A.2.5. MODIFICATIONS<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id347210">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</p><p title="A."><b>A. </b>
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document).
You may use the same title as a previous version if the original
publisher of that version gives permission.
</p><p title="B."><b>B. </b>
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document
(all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they
release you from this requirement.
</p><p title="C."><b>C. </b>
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
Version, as the publisher.
</p><p title="D."><b>D. </b>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
</p><p title="E."><b>E. </b>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
the other copyright notices.
</p><p title="F."><b>F. </b>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms
of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
</p><p title="G."><b>G. </b>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice.
</p><p title="H."><b>H. </b>
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</p><p title="I."><b>I. </b>
Preserve the section Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span>, Preserve its
Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span> in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of
the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
</p><p title="J."><b>J. </b>
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
These may be placed in the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span> section. You may omit
a network location for a work that was published at least four years
before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
it refers to gives permission.
</p><p title="K."><b>K. </b>
For any section Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Acknowledgements</span>”</span> or
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Dedications</span>”</span>, Preserve the Title of the section, and
preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
</p><p title="L."><b>L. </b>
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
considered part of the section titles.
</p><p title="M."><b>M. </b>
Delete any section Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Endorsements</span>”</span>. Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
</p><p title="N."><b>N. </b>
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Endorsements</span>”</span> or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
</p><p title="O."><b>O. </b>
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</p><p>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from
the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these
sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of
Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These
titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
</p><p>
You may add a section Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Endorsements</span>”</span>, provided it
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been
approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</p><p>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.
</p><p>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id317712"></a>A.2.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id317712">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list
them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</p><p>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.
If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end
of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of
that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment
to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license
notice of the combined work.
</p><p>
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span> in the various original documents, forming one
section Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span>; likewise combine any sections
Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Acknowledgements</span>”</span>, and any sections Entitled
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Dedications</span>”</span>. You must delete all sections Entitled
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Endorsements</span>”</span>.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id309707"></a>A.2.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id309707">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</p><p>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id309727"></a>A.2.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id309727">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</p><p>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent
of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must
appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.9. TRANSLATION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id309750"></a>A.2.9. TRANSLATION<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id309750">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and
all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers,
provided that you also include the original English version of this
License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In
case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version
of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.
</p><p>
If a section in the Document is Entitled <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Acknowledgements</span>”</span>,
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Dedications</span>”</span>, or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">History</span>”</span>, the requirement
(section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
changing the actual title.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.10. TERMINATION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id343199"></a>A.2.10. TERMINATION<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id343199">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not
have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id343214"></a>A.2.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id343214">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
</p><p>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">or any later version</span>”</span> applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
by the Free Software Foundation.
</p></div><div class="sect2" title="A.2.12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id311753"></a>A.2.12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents<span class="permalink"><a alt="Permalink" title="Copy Permalink" href="#id311753">¶</a></span></h3></div></div></div><p>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
</p><pre class="screen">
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU
Free Documentation License”.
</pre><p>
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the “with...Texts.” line with this:
</p><pre class="screen">
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
</pre><p>
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</p><p>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.
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